Small Animal Anesthesia and Pain Management - by Jeff Ko

Small Animal Anesthesia Parts I and Ii

Anticholinergics Anticholinergics are competitive antagonists of acetylcholine at post ganglionic parasympathetic muscurinic receptors. Stimulation of muscurinic receptors induces salivation, pupillary constriction, bronchoconstriction, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and slowing of the heart rate. The two most commonly used anticholinergics in veterinary medicine are atropin...

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management Section Editor

The reliability of preemptive analgesia is controversial. Its effectiveness may vary among anatomical areas or surgical types. We evaluated preemptive analgesia by epidural morphine in six surgery types in a randomized, double-blind manner. Pain intensity was rated using a visual analog scale, a verbal report, and a measurement of postsurgical morphine consumption. Preemptive analgesia was effe...

Levobupivacaine for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management

Levobupivacaine is an enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with a safe pharmacological profile. We present a review of levobupivacaine and its current clinical use in regional anaesthesia and pain management. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of levobupivacaine is discussed and a qualitative review of studies involving levobupivacaine for regional anaesthesia is presented. Comparison...

Breed Considerations and Myths and Misconceptions in Small Animal Anesthesia

Key Points  There are few “true” breed sensitivities to anesthetics  Breed idiosyncrasies to various anesthetic, sedative, and analgesic drugs should be considered when formulating an anesthetic plan  Many myths in small animal anesthesia derive from mis-interpretation of data or singular experiences that evolve into “scientific fact”  This lecture will attempt to dispel some common myths a...

ultrasound a new paradigm in regional anesthesia and pain management